In this particular question, we're going to need to do a little work before we can use that, and then a teensie bit more once we have. We already know the shaded region's area is 64π. We know the smaller circle has a radius of 6, so we can use A = πr2 to find the area of that inner circle (the UNSHADED part) to be 36π.
Put those into the equation above and you get:
64π + 36π = 100π
So the area of the WHOLE THING is 100π. Use A = πr2 one more time now to find the radius of the large circle:
100π = πr2
100 = r2
10 = r